Major Depressive Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Major Depressive Disorder is a serious mental health condition marked by persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, and low energy. It affects how a person feels, thinks, and handles daily life. People with MDD may also experience changes in appetite, sleep problems, and feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness. The condition can occur once or multiple times in a person’s life and often requires a combination of therapy, lifestyle changes, and medication for effective treatment.
Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder
- Persistent sadness or low mood lasting most of the day.
- Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed.
- Changes in appetite or weight without trying.
- Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia or oversleeping.
Signs & Symptoms
Causes and Risk Factors
- Genetics: Family history of depression increases the risk.
- Brain Chemistry: Imbalance in brain chemicals can contribute to depression.
- Trauma or Stress: Life events like loss, abuse, or major change can trigger MDD.
- Medical Conditions: Chronic illness or certain medications may lead to depression.
Diagnosis and Screening
- Clinical Interview: A mental health professional asks about mood, behavior, and daily functioning.
- Standardized Questionnaires: Tools like the PHQ-9 help measure the severity of symptoms.
- Medical Evaluation: Physical exams and lab tests rule out other health issues.
- Diagnostic Criteria: Diagnosis is based on DSM-5 guidelines for depressive symptoms.
